{"id":13702,"date":"2025-04-21T21:53:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T04:53:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vilni-media.com\/?p=13702"},"modified":"2025-04-21T21:54:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T04:54:08","slug":"choloviky-shcho-znykly-zamovchuvane-usvidomlennia-ukrainy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vilni-media.com\/en\/2025\/04\/21\/choloviky-shcho-znykly-zamovchuvane-usvidomlennia-ukrainy\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukraine\u2019s quiet reckoning with Its missing men"},"content":{"rendered":"
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One of the more uncomfortable challenges facing the Ukrainian government in recent years has been how to address military-age men who avoided<\/a> conscription, whether by paying bribes, using falsified documents, illegally crossing into neighboring countries on foot, or even swimming across border rivers.<\/p>

This issue has also fueled resentment among frontline soldiers, who have spent years in trenches only to open social media and see former classmates or friends living comfortably abroad, untouched by the consequences of war. But what will happen to these draft dodgers if they decide to return, or once the war is over?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Lev Pashko (\u201cHorus\u201d), who leads the 6th Special Forces Battalion, part of Azov\u2019s 12th Special Forces Brigade, pictured at the Azov HQ near the frontline in Niu-York. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

Ukrainian soldiers have held the frontlines since the start of the full-scale invasion, many without rotation. Even setting aside the issue of men who illegally fled the country, the frustration is palpable. One tank operator<\/a> pleaded for the chance to take a break, sharing how exhausted he was and how painful it had become to watch his daughter grow up without him. \u201cI see her growing through pictures and videos on my phone,\u201d he told me.<\/p>

Despite Ukraine\u2019s ban on military-age men (18\u201360) leaving the country, hundreds of thousands are restricted<\/a> to live abroad. In response, Ukraine has restricted<\/a> consular services for draft-eligible men to encourage their return. One Ukrainian man who fled the country illegally and now resides in the United States, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said that many Ukrainian men left to avoid being forced to fight in the war. \u201cIf this is all just being done for money, and ordinary people are dying for nothing, then what\u2019s the point of fighting?\u201d<\/p>

Anastasia Kharitonova-Gomez, a Ukrainian-American whose graduate research<\/a> focused on the Ukrainian community in the United States, highlighted the complexity of the issue. \u201cIt has become extremely difficult for Ukrainian men to be able to leave Ukraine legally,\u201d she said. \u201cThis was not the case at the outset of the war, but the restrictions have certainly tightened. I think most people can understand the different concerns at play.\u201d<\/p>

\u201cOn one hand, Ukraine simply needs Ukrainians to defend itself,\u201d she continued. \u201cThe stakes for the entire country are extremely high \u2013 higher than most people realize. If men leave, the country\u2019s survival is literally at risk. On the other hand, individuals have a very human, very fundamental desire to survive.\u201d \u201cI don\u2019t think I have the right to pass judgment on anyone or say what the right choice is for any given individual. We are living in horrible, impossible times,\u201d said Kharitonova-Gomez.<\/p>

There has been chatter about returning men who fled abroad. During a January 11, 2023, meeting in Tallinn with Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called<\/a> Ukrainian men of mobilization age who fled abroad to return, either to fight or to support the economy by working and paying taxes.<\/p>

Emphasizing the ethical and financial burden on those remaining in Ukraine, Zelensky said the country needs all citizens to contribute in some way, noting that it takes six taxpayers<\/a> to support one soldier. While he didn\u2019t directly call for Estonia to extradite Ukrainian men, he noted that without such contributions, there won\u2019t be enough resources or defenders.<\/p>

At the Yalta European Strategy summit in September 2024, Polish Foreign Minister Rados\u0142aw Sikorski pointed out that EU countries should stop providing<\/a> social support to Ukrainian male refugees of military age, arguing that it creates incentives for draft dodging and undermines Ukraine\u2019s war effort.<\/p>

Hundreds of Ukrainian men have recently applied for asylum in Poland<\/a>to avoid being drafted into Ukraine\u2019s armed forces. Although nearly 1 million Ukrainians currently have temporary protection status in Poland, which grants access to jobs and healthcare, some are now seeking asylum, a more permanent legal status, out of fear of being drafted.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A memorial for Ukrainian defenders in Kyiv Oblast. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

In 2024, around 7,000 Ukrainians applied for asylum, including 3,900 men aged 18\u201364. By March 25, 2025, another 1,900 men in that age group had applied. Polish authorities note that fear of military service does not qualify someone for asylum under international law and such applications are being thoroughly scrutinized.<\/p>

In early 2025, the Trump administration considered revoking the legal status and protections granted to Ukrainian refugees who had fled the Russian invasion. Approximately 240,000 Ukrainians had been admitted to the U.S. under humanitarian parole programs initiated during the Biden administration, such as Uniting for Ukraine<\/a> (U4U).<\/p>

Andrij Dobriansky, Communications Director for the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, commented, \u201cFor those who chose to leave, there has been an undercurrent of opinions on the matter since 2022. But I can\u2019t point to a specific incident within the community that has brought such an uncomfortable topic to the forefront.\u201d<\/p>

Recent U.S. executive orders on immigration have raised concerns about the possible deportation of Ukrainian refugees who arrived after Russia\u2019s full-scale invasion. Estimates vary, but about 210,000 Ukrainians have entered<\/a> the U.S. under humanitarian parole, while around 104,000 received Temporary Protected Status (TPS), which was extended by 18 months in January 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Protesters gathered in Seattle on March 1, 2025, to show their support for Ukraine. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

The 2023 American Community Survey (ACS) provides detailed demographic and socioeconomic data on 98,000 Ukrainian migrants who arrived in 2022 and 2023. The data, though covering about half of the total, shows a majority are women (56,000 vs. 42,000 men), especially in certain age groups. Among the 18,000 Ukrainian refugee households, 69% are family households with both spouses present.<\/p>

Not everyone is thrilled to see Ukrainian men of fighting age living abroad. In April 2024, Polish Defense Minister W\u0142adys\u0142aw Kosiniak-Kamysz said<\/a>, \"I think many Poles are outraged when they see young Ukrainian men in hotels and cafes, and they hear how much effort we have to make to help Ukraine.\"<\/p>

Taras Kuzio, a political science professor at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, didn\u2019t hold back when discussing Ukrainians who fled military service. \u201cA student of mine in Germany was giving accommodation to a guy who bribed his way out of Ukraine. I told her he was a traitor and she was an idiot for helping him,\u201d he said. \u201cSuch people are spreading corruption within the military, border guards, and the SBU.\u201d\nKuzio believes Western governments should repatriate draft dodgers, though he doubts they will. \u201cUkraine can argue that it recognizes conscientious objection and provides non-combat roles in the military,\u201d he said. \u201cBut at the front, such men are more of a hindrance than an asset, their disinterest in fighting will only get themselves and others killed.\u201d<\/p>

Tensions also exist in the Ukrainian diaspora abroad in the United States.<\/p>

Inna, a Ukrainian-American from North Carolina, shared her strong views on Ukrainian men of fighting age who came to the U.S. after 2022. \u201cJFK famously said, \u2018Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country,\u2019\u201d she began. \u201cFrom an ethical standpoint, fleeing your motherland at a very critical time is appalling.\u201d\nShe continued, \u201cViolating the law is a crime. Basically, all men who fled Ukraine illegally are criminals. It\u2019s that simple. Why would the countries that accepted them want those criminals?\u201d<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A damaged residential building near Pokrovsk after a recent Russian strike. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

Looking to the future, Inna raised a broader concern about draft dodgers: \u201cTomorrow, those countries could be attacked, what would those men do then? I wouldn\u2019t want criminals from Ukraine living in the U.S. and using this country as a refuge.\u201d<\/p>

Vasyl Jarostowski, a Ukrainian-American from New York, said, \u201cIf they came here and are seeking asylum through the official process, they shouldn\u2019t be deported.\u201d Jarostowski added that \u201cif they entered illegally and are here without going through any official process, they should be deported, as that\u2019s in line with U.S. immigration policy.\u201d<\/p>

David Pavenko, a Ukrainian-American from Washington State, shared his frustration about how the U.S. program for displaced Ukrainians is being misused:\n\"I attend a Slavic church in the Seattle area, and since the 2022 invasion, it's grown so much we had to add another Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking service,\u201d said Pavenko. \u201cMost newcomers arrived through the Uniting for Ukraine (U4U) program, meant to help those displaced by the war. But many of the men I meet aren\u2019t from frontline cities \u2013 they\u2019re from places like Kyiv, Lviv, or Ivano-Frankivsk. These aren\u2019t war zones.\"\n\"Out of hundreds in our church, I\u2019ve met only two families from Donetsk Oblast,\u201d he said. \u201cThose truly affected by the war are still in Ukraine. What I see here are military-aged men driving nice cars, wearing designer brands, and showing off their social lives on Instagram. It doesn\u2019t look like they fled a war.\"<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Heorhii Volkov, commander of the Yasni Ochi drone unit, posing for a photo in front of a building destroyed by Russian bombing. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

Pavenko noted that those who had the money to flee Ukraine did so, while the poor stayed behind.\n\"I\u2019ve been to eastern Ukraine five times since 2022, and when I return home to the States, hardly anyone at church asks about it,\" he said. \"There\u2019s no fundraising for chaplains, medics, or soldiers. There are no awareness efforts on social media, just summer barbecues and movie nights. Unlike missions to other countries, there\u2019s no push to send humanitarian volunteers to Ukraine at all.\"<\/p>

\"When I ask church leaders about this, they say, \u2018We do pray for Ukraine.\u2019 But that\u2019s not enough. People need material support,\u201d said Pavenko. \u201cSoldiers on the front lines need fresh, warm clothes every winter. Chaplains need their vans repaired. Medics are always short on tourniquets.\u201d\nPavenko added, \u201cThe best of Ukrainian men stayed to fight. Many didn\u2019t come back. Meanwhile, those who ran are living comfortably here. Americans see this and it breeds resentment. It plays right into the hands of people like Tucker Carlson, who use it to turn the public against supporting Ukraine.\"\nHowever, Pavenko acknowledged that many individuals and churches are actively supporting Ukraine. \u201cAmericans, Ukrainian-Americans, and Ukrainian immigrants alike continue to help in any way they can.\u201d<\/p>

Members of Pavenko\u2019s family were among the first to be killed<\/a> by Russian-backed forces in Sloviansk in 2014.<\/p>

\u201cIf you were living in Ukraine when the full-scale invasion began, then in some form or capacity, you have a responsibility to defend your nation,\u201d said Mykhailo Pavenko<\/a>(the older brother of David Pavenko), a Ukrainian-American volunteer chaplain who has been serving on and off with the Ukrainian Army since 2015.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Soldiers of Ukraine\u2019s 92nd Separate Assault Brigade. Photo: David Kirichenko<\/em><\/p>

Viktor from the State Border Guard Service stationed in Sumy Oblast, has served for 27 years in various locations, including in the Anti-Terrorist Zone<\/a> (ATO) in Luhansk Oblast. He expressed skepticism about the idea of forcibly returning Ukrainian men who left the country. \u201cThe men who fled, I don\u2019t believe they should be brought back,\u201d he said. \u201cMost of them, if sent to the military, will be morally unprepared. What will happen is what we\u2019re already seeing: they\u2019ll abandon their units, what we call \u2018unauthorized abandonment of military units.\u2019\u201d<\/p>

Viktor noted that this is already a growing problem in Ukraine, as Ukraine<\/a> races to train more soldiers. \u201cMilitary offices are forcibly taking people into service, and then those people leave their units and positions en masse. As we say in the military, there\u2019s a lot of quantity, but no quality.\u201d<\/p>

\u201cWhiskas,\u201d the commander of an aerial reconnaissance unit in the 128th Separate Mountain Assault Brigade<\/a>, shared strong views about men who fled Ukraine illegally. \u201cCertainly, people who break the law must face appropriate punishment. At the very least, it\u2019s unfair to those who are fighting for Ukraine,\u201d he said. \u201cBeing Ukrainian in today\u2019s world means benefiting from all kinds of support. It is undeserved to exploit the trust that has been earned before the entire world through blood and sacrifice.\u201d He added, \u201cEven the word \u2018peremoha\u2019 \u2013 victory \u2013 in Ukrainian means to do more than you are capable of. So, simply reading or talking about this isn\u2019t enough. These men must absolutely be brought back.\u201d<\/p>

As Ukraine fights an existential battle for its survival, Kyrylo Budanov, head of Ukraine\u2019s military intelligence agency (HUR, or the Main Directorate of Intelligence), recently said<\/a>, \"If a person is neither at the front nor helping in the rear, they have no right to call themselves a citizen of Ukraine. And society should perceive it that way. How harsh it even sounds.\"<\/p>

About Author:<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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David Kirichenko<\/a> is an associate research fellow at the Henry Jackson Society. His work on warfare has been featured in the Atlantic Council, Center for European Policy Analysis, and The Economist, among many others. He can be found on X\/Twitter @DVKirichenko.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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read us in<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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One of the more uncomfortable challenges facing the Ukrainian government in recent years has been how to address military-age men who avoided conscription, whether by paying bribes, using falsified documents, illegally crossing into neighboring countries on foot, or even swimming across border rivers.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":253017327,"featured_media":13711,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1457,1514,1503],"tags":[1524],"class_list":["post-13702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-authors","category-david-kirichenko","category-exclusive","tag-david-kirichenko"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0427\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u00bb: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 - 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